http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/281 2026-04-05T15:55:41Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2464 Effects of Budget Planning on Financial Performance of Selected SMEs in Eldoret Town, Kenya Moderated by Digital Finance Services Jepleting, Gladys,; Tarus, John; Shitote, Zachariah The study intention was to investigate effects of budget planning on financial performance of selected SMEs in Eldoret town, Kenya, moderated by digital financial services. Specific objectives of the study were to examine the influence of budget planning on financial performance and effect of digital financial services on financial performance. The study was designed to assess the moderating role of digital financial services on the relationship between budget planning and financial performance of selected SMEs. The research was guided by the Priority-Based Budgeting Theory and Resource Based Theory. The study utilized explanatory research design and descriptive research design. Simple random sampling techniques in collecting data from 302 selected SMEs using structured questionnaires. Cronbach alpha was applied to test reliability while Factor analysis was applied to test validity. Using SPSS version 23 hierarchical regression model was employed in data analysis and testing of the hypotheses. The results reveal that digital finance services had significantly positive relationship between budget planning and financial performance. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2461 Influence of Green Product Selection Practice on Organizational Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi County Mutai, Diana; Keitany, Pauline; Bartocho, Evaline Manufacturing firms in Nairobi County would operate with a strong organizational performance achieving high productivity, efficiency, profitability, and quality standards through green product selection practices. A strong organizational culture supports these practices, fostering employee engagement, innovation, and environmental sustainability. However, the sector faces challenges such as limited technical efficiency, declining GDP contribution, and reduced market share. Despite contributing 17.30% of total tax revenue, the sector's technical efficiency is lower. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to establish the influence of green product selection practice on organizational performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. This study was guided by Ecological Modernization theory. This study utilized an explanatory research design. The study targeted 554 procurement managers of all manufacturing companies in Nairobi County. The researcher obtained sample size of 232 respondents using Yamane formulae. The study used stratified random sampling technique to select respondents from manufacturing companies. These research study used structured questionnaires to collect data. Pre-testing of research instruments was achieved through pilot study in manufacturing companies in Nakuru County which have similar characteristics as manufacturing companies in Nairobi County. This assisted in testing for reliability and validity of the research instruments. Collected data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive statistics included frequency, means, minimum, maximum and standard deviation. Inferential statistics included correlation and regressions models. The study findings revealed that green product selection practice (β1=0.165, p=0.002) had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study concluded that integrating green product selection, enhances manufacturing firms’ performance, cost-effectiveness, and market competitiveness while advancing their environmental and social responsibilities. The study recommends that firms develop a strong sustainability-focused culture, integrate green product, engage with environmental policies and certifications to maximize sustainability performance. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2459 The Moderating Influence of Enterprise Resource Planning on the Relationship between Electronic Order Processing Systems and Supply Chain Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya Chepkemoi, Clara; Keitany, Pauline; Shitote, Zachariah Kenyan manufacturing firms face challenges in supply chain performance, including fierce competition, high production costs, and delayed product availability, requiring improved efficiency and cost-cutting strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of enterprise resource planning on the relationship between electronic order processing system and supply chain performance among manufacturing firms in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study utilized resource-based theory, explanatory research design, a census approach, and a closed ended questionnaire to collect data from 270 heads of 9 departments in 30 manufacturing firms in Uasin Gishu County. A hierarchical regression model was used to test all the study hypotheses. Results of the control variables indicate that firm age (β=.190, P = .021) significantly influences supply chain performance while firm size (β=.101, P=.223) does not. These control variables explain 4.8% of the variance in supply chain performance (R2 of .048). Furthermore, the electronic order processing system (β=.837, P=.000) and enterprise resource planning (β=0.117, P=.003) significantly influence supply chain performance. Finally, enterprise resource planning moderated the link between electronic order processing system and supply chain performance (β=.132, P =.000). This moderation model indicates an improved R2 of .579 and a change in R2 of .083 implying that all the variables in the study account for 57.9% and 8.3% of the variance in supply chain performance. This study contributes to knowledge by examining the interaction of enterprise resource planning and the study variables. The study suggests that manufacturing firms should adopt electronic order processing systems and ERP to enhance supply chain efficiency. In addition, policymakers and managers should develop policies and strategies that encourage investments in these technologies, as they have been found to influence supply chain performance and competitive advantage. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2453 EFFECT OF RECRUITMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN NYANZA REGION, KENYA Anditi, Philip Duncan; Ngari, Christine; Bartocho, Evaline Employee performance is integral to organizational success, yet public universities in Kenya have faced challenges in achieving satisfactory performance despite implementing human resource management (HRM) practices. This study aimed to investigate the effect of recruitment practices on employee performance in public universities in Nyanza region, Kenya. The target population comprised of 3,129 individuals, and the sample size of 355 teaching and non-teaching staff were determined using the Yamane formula, employing random sampling techniques for data collection. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the primary data collection tool in a quantitative research design. Cronbach's alpha was calculated for each scale in the questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS version 23. To ensure reliability, the results were as follows: recruitment practices have a significant positive effect on employee performance ((β = 0.165, p<0.05). The study concluded that recruitment practices have a significant positive effect on employee performance. The study recommended that hiring decisions in universities should always be made on the basis of a person’s potential to do a job. The study recommended that hiring decisions in universities should be made on the basis of a person’s potential to do a job. The recruitment process should continue to be done in a transparent manner and the recruitment processes in the universities should keep on being improved to enhance employee satisfaction. The employee selection process should always be done in an ethical manner and in a manner that is fai 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2354 Critical Incident Stress Management and Job Satisfaction among National Police Service Officers Chesang, Lilian; Ngari, Christine; Bartocho, Evaline The purpose of the study was to examine the moderating effect of employee wellbeing on the relationship between critical incident stress management and job satisfaction among the same officers. The study was guided by Two Factor Theory of Motivation. An explanatory research design was employed to explain the cause-effect relationship between the variables. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data from a sample size of 328 respondents derived from Yamane’s formula, with a target population being 1297 police officers using a structured, closed ended questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted in national police service in Nandi County to ascertain validity and reliability of the research instruments. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics were frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Inferential analysis was carried out through correlation to ascertain the relationships between variables and regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The study findings revealed that critical incident stress management (β1=0.185, p=0.000) had a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction among national police service officers in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. In addition, results indicated that employee wellbeing moderates the relationship between critical incident stress management (β5= -0.067, p=0.000, R2=.511, ΔR2=.016) and job satisfaction among the national police service officers. The study recommended that the National Police Service (NPS) should enhance mental health services to improve officers' job satisfaction. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2334 Relationship Between Environmental Cost Disclosure and Financial Performance of Manufacturing and Construction Firms Listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange; The Moderating Effect of Firm Size Malakwen, J. Ruth; Tarus, John Environmental issues have become increasingly prominent, driving the need for companies to operate transparently and responsibly. This study investigated the moderating effect of firm size on the relationship between environmental cost disclosures and financial performance among manufacturing and construction firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. The study was guided by the stakeholder’s theory. Using a combination of explanatory and longitudinal research designs, the study analyzed data from audited annual reports of manufacturing and construction firms from 2014 to 2021. Data was coded into STATA version 17 and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that financial performance positively and significantly correlated with environmental costs (r=0.460, p < 0.01), firm size (r=0.416, p < 0.01). Also, environmental costs disclosure positively and significantly correlated with firm size (r=0.213, p < 0.05). The study further established that environmental cost disclosure (β =0.1273701, ρ-value <0.05) had a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of manufacturing and construction companies listed in Nairobi securities exchange. Further, the study found that firm size moderated the relationship between environmental cost disclosure (β= 0.0041, ρ<0.05) and financial performance of manufacturing and construction companies listed in Nairobi securities exchange. This result suggests that the impact of environmental cost disclosure on financial performance is indeed influenced by firm size. Managers should prioritize the transparent reporting of environmental costs, as these disclosures have been shown to positively impact financial outcomes. Hence, firms can demonstrate their commitment to sustainability and responsible business practices, which in turn can attract investors and stakeholder trust. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2313 EFFECTIVENESS OF CREDIT POLICY ON MANAGEMENT OF NON-PERFORMING LOANS IN KENYAN COMMERCIAL BANKS ATIENO, EUNICE MACREAN The financial growth and stability of commercial banks majorly depend on regular loan repayments by their borrowers. In the recent past, commercial banks have been facing challenging matters originating from steady increases in Non-Performing Loans due to borrowers defaulting in making their loan repayments as scheduled. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of credit policy on management of NonPerforming Loans in Kenyan Commercial Banks. The specific objectives were to determine the effect of credit terms, credit appraisal and collection policy on management of non-performing loans in Kenyan Commercial Banks. The study literature was supported by information from the Theory of Information Asymmetry and Credit Scorecard Theory. The study adopted an explanatory type of research design on a sample size of 222 credit officers working in the 41 commercial banks within Nairobi city. Cronbach alpha and factor analysis were applied to test the reliability and validity of the research instruments respectively. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires. A multiple regression model using SPSS (version 23) was used to analyze the obtained data and test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that credit terms (ꞵ= .570, p < .000), credit appraisal (ꞵ = .302, p < 0.000), and collection policy (ꞵ = .201, p < .000) all had a positive and significant effect on management of Non-Performing Loans. Based on the new findings, the management of commercial banks and policy makers should develop effective strategies, policies and techniques that would make borrowing affordable to attract creditworthy borrowers to the banks. The study brings new knowledge that credit terms have the greatest predictive power on management of Non-Performing Loans compared to credit appraisal and collections policy. Whereas the study used quantitative data, future studies may consider using mixed approaches as they may uncover other issues affecting the management of Non-Performing Loans in commercial banks. 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2269 MODERATING EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INVENTORY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED SUPERMARKETS IN ELDORET CITY, KENYA JELIMO, SHARON Inventory management practices play a vital role in minimizing costs and maximizing profits, as well as meeting customer demands by making sure there is enough stock at the right quantity and quality and available at the right time and the right place. To make sure inventory is managed properly, there needs to be the adoption of inventory management systems. The objective of the study was to determine the moderating effect of technology on the relationship between inventory management practices and the performance of selected supermarkets in Eldoret City, Kenya. Specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of economic order quantity (EOQ) on performance, the effect of vendor managed inventory (VMI) on performance, the effect of ABC on performance, the effect of just in time on performance, and the moderating effect of technology on the relationship between inventory management practices and performance of selected supermarkets in Eldoret City, Kenya. The study was informed by game theory, transaction cost theory, and the technology acceptance model. The philosophical foundation of this study is in line with the positivist approach. Anchoring on an explanatory research design, the study target population was 1,004 employees of selected supermarkets in Eldoret City, Kenya. The study sample size was 317 employees, computed using the Yamane formula. The employees were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using structured questioners and items anchored on a five-point Likert scale. The study hypotheses were tested using a multiple regression model and Hayes process macro for moderation analysis. The results showed that economic order quantity (EOQ) (β = 0.438, p = 0.00), vendor managed inventory (VMI) (β = 0.556, p < 0.05), ABC analysis (β = 0.548, p = 0.00), and just in time inventory management (β = 0.578, p = 0.00) had a positive and significant effect on performance. In addition, technology moderated the relationship between economic order quantity (EOQ) (β = 0.141, p = 0.009), vendor managed inventory (VMI) (β= 0.132, p = 0.004), ABC analysis (β = 0.155, p = 0.032), and just in time inventory management (β = 0.370, p = 0.00) with performance. The study concluded that inventory management practices (economic order quality, vendor management inventory, ABC inventory management, and just-in-time inventory management) are important in enhancing organization performance. Additionally, technological innovations in processes improve productivity and efficiency, which reduce costs and improve profit margins while making businesses more competitive. From the findings, the study recommends utilizing inventory management practices in meeting customer demands while minimizing carrying costs and stock-outs. The study is beneficial to the government and policymakers since it may uncover some specific challenges or barriers faced by supermarkets related to inventory management, technology adoption, or financial performance. The management of fast-moving consumer goods needs to adopt proper inventory management practices in order to reduce operation costs such as holding costs and ordering costs, among others, hence increasing company performance 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2257 DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED IN NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA OSEKO, DEBORAH KWAMBOKA The main goal of every banking institution is to operate profitably in order to maintain stability and sustainable growth. External and internal economic environments are viewed as critical drivers for bank performance. According to the Financial stability report released in 2020, despite the resilience across the Kenyan banks, they were still experiencing increased non-performing loans affecting their profitability. The resolve of the study is to investigate the effect of bank specific and macroeconomic determinants on financial performance of commercial banks listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study is guided by the following specific objectives; to determine the effect of bank capital, bank assets, bank tax, bank debt ratio, bank concentration, inflation rate and lending interest rate on financial performance of commercial banks listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study was anchored on transaction cost economic theory and inverted U hypothesis. Longitudinal research design approach was adopted with panel secondary data spanning from the period 2011-2020. Stationarity, normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and serial correlation diagnostic tests were performed. Data was examined using STATA software and results were presented in form of descriptive and inferential statistics. Hausman test results suggested a fixed effect estimation model was appropriate over random effect model. Regression analysis established that, total bank assets (β1 = .06, p = .000 < .05), bank capital (β1 = 7.7, p = .000 < .05), and debt ratio (β1 = .06, p = .000 < .05) had a positive and significant effect on financial performance while bank concentration (β1 =. −.001, p = 0.012 < .05) had a negative and significant effect on performance. The study recommends that banks ought to adopt strategic asset management for better asset allocation. Government oversight is crucial to prevent crises like Chase Bank in Kenya. Banks should prioritize efficient capital allocation and diversification. Additionally, on the effect of bank taxes, the government should implement counter- cyclical policies to reduce risks during economic downturns. Further research could investigate industry-specific factors impacting banking profitability, extend case studies to specific banks, and explore the influence of behavioral economics principles on consumer financial decisions, product design, and profit margins 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2232 EFFECT OF STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP STYLES ON INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY KENYA OKONJO, LINDA ACHIENG Small and medium size enterprises are an integral part of a growing economy; According to Uasin Gishu County records there are 1611 registered SMEs in Eldoret Town. The focus therefore, should be directed at the establishment of the growth of the sector; hence the need to establish the effect of strategic leadership styles on innovative performance for small and medium enterprises in Uasin Gishu County. Proper strategic leadership is an essential part of decision making to ensure short term success and longterm sustainability, given the current volatile business environment. The study was guided by the following objectives; to establish the effect of transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style, inspiration leadership style and paternalistic leadership style on SME innovation performance within Uasin Gishu County. The population of study comprised 1611 registered SMEs in Uasin Gishu County. Cluster sampling technique to select the SMEs was used to select a sample of 290 respondents. Collection of primary data was done through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was facilitated by use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24 to generate the means, standard deviation and variances which were presented using tables, frequencies and percentages. A descriptive method was employed in analyzing qualitative data where frequencies and proportions were used in interpreting the respondent’s perception of issues that were raised in the questionnaires. Correlation analysis was used to establish the strength of association between variables and regression to determine the relationship between variables. The study findings revealed that there was positive linear effect of transformational leadership style on innovation performance in small and medium enterprises within Uasin- Gishu County (β1=.119, p=0.041). Transactional leadership style has a positive and significant effect on innovation performance in small and medium enterprises within Uasin- Gishu County (β2=.157, p=0.002). Inspirational leadership style was found to have a positive and significant effect on innovation performance in small and medium enterprises within Uasin- Gishu County (β3=.258, p=0. 000). Paternalistic leadership style was found to have a positive and significant effect on innovation performance in small and medium enterprises within Uasin- Gishu County (β4=.271, p=0.000). The study concluded that transactional, inspiration and paternalistic leadership style had a positive influence on SME innovation performance within Uasin Gishu County. The study recommends that SMEs within Uasin Gishu County adopt leadership style which allows managers to make employees feel valued and comfortable in their respective duties which helps bring out the best in them to achieve their goals and personal growth. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z