http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/293 2026-04-09T10:16:34Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2343 Impacts of Armed Conflicts on Tourism in Protected Areas and Their Environment in Virunga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo Byemba, Atosha; Ariya, George; Ipara, Hellen Armed conflicts have been on the rise in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It harms the country’s destination image with respect to tourism. Evidence demonstrates that violence have a negative effect on demand for tourism. It is also documented that countries suffering from armed conflicts severely impair their economies since human life is frequently lost and growth is threatened. This research was undertaken in and around Virunga National Park and assessed the effects of armed conflicts on tourism activities. The target populations were local residents and key informants drawn from organizations operating in and around the park with a sample size of 255 respondents. This constituted 200 local residents who participated in the questionnaire survey, 40 who participated in focus group discussions, and 15 key informants. Stratified, Systematic, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Structured questionnaires, interview schedules, observations and focus group discussions were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test goodness of fit with aid of SPSS. Results using graphs and tables showed areas mostly affected by armed conflicts were eco-tourism (97.9%), Cultural tourism (1%), Wildlife based tourism (0.5%) and Agro-tourism at 0.6%. While the most affected tourism activity was Gorilla trekking at 92.7%, accommodation and ascension of Nyiragogo. Conflicts decreased tourist arrivals and tourism activities in and around the park (X2=330.0,df=4,p˂0.0001). Recommendation was to reduce the conflicts further and remove the armed groups then reduce their impacts on tourism activities in addition effective implementation of laws ensuring equality on utilization of the resources and restriction of movements in and around the park. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2342 Examining crises resilience in tourism : A systematic review of literature Kanyamwa, Lunanga Félix; Ariya, George; Omagwa, Priscillah This study is the systematic review of literature on the resilience of tourism businesses. Following the various crises and disasters that shook the World between 2000 and 2020, the interest of researchers in tourism resilience has increased significantly. Despite the interest felt by these scientists, the notion of resilience has remained fragmented in terms of its definition and dimensions. This review presents an overview of the literature on the resilience of tourism businesses from 2013 to June 2023. The study revealed that there is a lack of cohesion in the literature on resilience from the definition to its influencing factors. This study has described the different stages in the evolution of the definition of resilience, its influencing factors and proposed different options in order to broader in the future the theoretical bases of tourism businesses in search of their sustainability. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1696 Determinants of Compliance towards Tourism Licensing Within Uasin Gishu County, Kenya: Hotels and Restaurants Managers Perspective Omolo, Tila V.; Ariya, George; Makomere, Julie Studies relating to the contextual factors that affect the relationship between motivations and compliance have been overlooked. Therefore, this current study approaches this literature gap by establishing whether organizational capacity moderates the relationship between mixed motivations and compliance. The study is based on an exploratory survey of hotels and restaurants managers in Uasin Gishu County. It was grounded on four theories, economic deterrence theory, political legitimacy theory, behaviour change theory and Siegwart’s goal framing theory. The sample size comprised of 395 respondents who were chosen through proportional random sampling technique. Data was collected using close ended questionnaires. The respondent’s demographic information was analyzed using descriptive methods while the model was evaluated through inferential methods mainly structural equation modelling and further, exploratory factor analysis and path analysis was employed. The study demonstrated that economic motivation, normative motivation and social motivation were individually significant predictors of compliance to tourism regulations with economic motivation being the most significant predictor of the three. The results also revealed that organisational capacity failed to moderate the relationship between mixed motivations and compliance towards tourism licensing. The study recommended that a further study on the same research topic be carried out on other Counties in Kenya. 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1694 Influence of Accommodation Destination Dimension on Tourism Sustainability in Selected Regions of Nandi County, Kenya Talam, Jemimah J.; Ariya, George; Makomere, Julie Sustainable tourism is key in any destination because it improves and gives chances for continuity in tourism development. However, poor road networks, decrease in number of tourists in some of the destinations coupled with low revenue collection from tourism related activities have posed big challenges in supporting tourism development in Nandi County. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of accommodation destination dimension on tourism sustainability in selected regions of Nandi County, Kenya. Hence, hypothesis constructed from the objectives above. The target population was 598 tourists where a sample size of 239 was drawn. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were applied. Data was collected by the use of questionnaires. Out of the 239 questionnaires issued, 189 responded. Statistically, data was analysed using both descriptive analyses particularly percentages, frequencies, mean, standard deviation while inferential statistics employed standard multiple regression and Pearson correlation analysis. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21 was used to test the hypothesis. Reliability for research instruments was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient which was at 0.738(73.8%) which was above the minimum value of 0.70 (70%). The findings showed that accommodation destination dimension had (β1= .732, p < 0.05). This indicates that accommodation destination dimension has a substantial and positive influence on tourism sustainability. The study concluded that aaccommodation destination dimensions enhances tourism sustainability. The study recommended that there is need for more modern hotels that should be built in the county. 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/590 Effect of Stakeholders Initiatives on Sustainable Tourism Development in MT Elgon Region, Kenya Kusimba, Nangulu; Makomere, Julie; Otiso, Kennedy Sustainability has become an important concept in relation to tourism planning and development. Stakeholder theory and Participatory and Empowerment model were used to underpin the study. Therefore the purpose of the study was to determine the effect stakeholders’ initiatives on sustainable tourism development in Mt Elgon region. The specific objectives were environmental conservation practices. Explanatory research design was adopted, employing cross sectional survey with the use of questionnaires for household’s heads and interview schedule guide for KWS staff. Target population was the 3192 households and 5 Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) management staff in Mt Elgon National Park. Sample size was 210 households and 2 KWS staff and purposive and random sampling technique was employed respectively. The validity and reliability of the instruments was done through consultation of experts and cronbach alpha coefficient calculated at 0.70 respectively. Pilot study was done in Isukha Central, Shinyalu, in KakamegaCounty. Using SPSS, descriptive statistics for mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics for Pearson product moment Correlation (PPMC) coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis .Research findings revealed that environmental conservation practices (β2 = 0.186, p=0.007<0.05) had a significant effect on sustainable tourism development. The study recommended that the government should develop a clear policy that could guide environment conservation for sustainable development 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z