CROP DAMAGE BY GREY CROWNED CRANE (Balearica regulorum) ON FARMS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA

Abstract

Continued loss and degradation of natural habitats force wildlife species to extend their habitats into farmlands and human-dominated landscapes. The Grey Crowned Crane (Balearica regulorum), classified as endangered, is increasingly found foraging in agricultural landscapes due to ongoing habitat loss, raising concerns about crop damage and its effects on local livelihoods and species conservation. This study examined the extent, types, and economic impact of crop damage caused by Grey Crowned Cranes in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, a key region for national agriculture. Using a purposive sampling method, farms with known crane activity and diverse crops were selected, and data were collected over 21 weeks through direct field observations, weekly photographs, and systematic crop damage assessments. Five common crops, maize, wheat, spinach, millet, and peas, were monitored to determine their vulnerability to crane-related damage. Observations were categorized by damage type (roots, leaves, stems, full or partial loss) and analyzed based on crop growth stages, proximity to wetlands, and crane numbers. Economic impact was measured by comparing yields and revenues from plots affected by cranes to those unaffected. Results showed that maize (0.18% ± 0.06 SE), spinach (3.01± 0.37 SE), wheat (0.14± 0.06 SE), and peas (0.06 ± 0.01 SE) suffered significant damage, especially during early growth stages, while millet (0.00± 0.00 SE) showed no visible damage. Spinach was the most vulnerable crop, with leaf and stem damage being the most common. Crane behaviors causing crop loss included foraging, pecking, and trampling. The economic analysis revealed notable reductions in yield and income in affected plots, highlighting a real threat to farmers’ livelihoods. Nevertheless, the study also indicates that this damage can be prevented using context-specific, non-lethal methods. This study recommends adopting sustainable mitigation actions, such as farmer education, developing wildlife-friendly farming practices, and establishing compensation or incentive programs to offset losses

to foster peaceful coexistence between humans and wildlife while ensuring the long- term survival of Grey Crowned Cranes. Overall, the study offers valuable insights into

balancing biodiversity conservation with sustainable agriculture in landscapes heavily influenced by human activity.